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Related Concept Videos

Titrimetric Methods: Types and Commonly Used Strategies01:08

Titrimetric Methods: Types and Commonly Used Strategies

In chemistry, titrimetric methods are broadly classified into three types: volumetric, gravimetric, and coulometric. Volumetric titrations involve measuring the volume of a titrant of known concentration that is required to react completely with an analyte. In gravimetric titrations, the standard solution reacts with the analyte to form an insoluble precipitate, which is filtered, dried, and weighed. In coulometric titrations, current is applied to an electrochemical reaction until the reaction...
EDTA: Indirect and Alkalimetric Titration01:23

EDTA: Indirect and Alkalimetric Titration

Unlike direct titration, back-titration, and displacement titration, indirect titration is an EDTA titration method for quantifying anions. In the indirect titration method, anions are precipitated as their insoluble salts with excess metal ions. The filtrate containing the excess metal ions is directly titrated with standard EDTA until the endpoint is achieved. Another approach involves extracting the metal ion and back-titrating with standard EDTA to obtain the endpoint. In this way, the...
Controlled-Current Coulometry: Coulometric Titration01:18

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Coulometric Titration

Coulometric titrations are a form of titrimetric analysis where the reagent is generated electrically, and its amount is evaluated based on current and generating time. The electron serves as the standard reagent. The procedure is similar to conventional titrations, such as endpoint detection.
The fundamental requirements for coulometric titrations are (1) 100% efficiency in the reagent-generating electrode reaction and (2) a stoichiometric and preferably rapid reaction between the generated...
Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
EDTA: Direct, Back-, and Displacement Titration01:30

EDTA: Direct, Back-, and Displacement Titration

The EDTA titration types for metal ion analysis include direct titration, back-titration, and replacement titration.
Direct titration involves buffering the metal ion solution to the desired pH and directly titrating with standard EDTA until the endpoint. The optimum pH ensures a large conditional formation constant of metal−EDTA and visibility of the free indicator color in the solution. In addition, auxiliary complexing reagents are used to prevent the precipitation of metal hydroxides and...
Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types01:01

Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types

Titrimetric analysis in solution chemistry involves measuring the volume of solutions and is often called volumetric analysis. The standard solution of known concentration in the burette is called the titrant, whereas the solution of unknown concentration in the flask is called the analyte, or titrand. Titrimetric analyses can be classified into four types based on the reactions between the titrant and analyte.
Titrations between an acid and a base lead to neutralization reactions that form...

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Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx
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Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx

Published on: December 20, 2016

An automatic back titration method for microchemical analysis.

A Tan1, C Xiao

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Central South University of Technology, Changsha, People's Republic of China.

Talanta
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an automated microchemical analysis method using flow injection analysis for precise nickel determination. The novel back titration technique offers high throughput and minimal sample/reagent consumption.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Instrumental Analysis

Background:

  • Conventional volumetric analysis can be time-consuming and require larger sample volumes.
  • Microminiaturization and automation are key trends in modern analytical chemistry for increased efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automatic back titration method for microchemical analysis.
  • To enable precise determination of analytes like nickel with reduced sample and reagent usage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized flow injection analysis apparatus for automated process.
  • Employed a magnetic stirrer for homogeneous mixing in the titration cell.
  • Photometric monitoring of the endpoint for accurate titration.

Main Results:

  • Successfully determined nickel concentrations in the range of 10-70 g L⁻¹.
  • Achieved a high sampling rate of 45 samples per hour.
  • Demonstrated excellent precision with relative standard deviations as low as 0.24%.

Conclusions:

  • The developed automatic back titration method is efficient and accurate for microchemical analysis.
  • The method offers significant advantages in terms of speed, precision, and resource conservation.
  • This approach is suitable for routine analysis requiring high sample throughput.