Flow injection analysis for residual chlorine using Pb(II) ion-selective electrode detector.

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Accurate measurement of residual chlorine in tap water is crucial for ensuring water safety and disinfection efficacy.
• Conventional methods for residual chlorine analysis can be time-consuming or require specialized reagents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a simple and efficient flow injection analysis (FIA) system for the determination of residual chlorine in tap water.
• To utilize a lead (Pb(II)) ion-selective electrode (ISE) as a detector for residual chlorine.

Main Methods:

• A flow injection analysis (FIA) system was designed, incorporating a peristaltic pump, a Pb(II)-ISE detector, a millivolt meter, and a recorder.
• The system's response to varying concentrations of residual chlorine was calibrated.
• Method validation involved assessing linearity, precision, and comparison with a standard colorimetric method.

Main Results:

• A linear working curve was established for residual chlorine concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg/L, demonstrating good quantitative capability.
• The developed FIA method exhibited high precision, with a relative standard deviation of 2% for repeated measurements of a 0.2 mg/L sample.
• A strong correlation (R=0.967) was observed when comparing the FIA results with the conventional o-tolidine colorimetric method, indicating good agreement.

Conclusions:

• The developed Pb(II)-ISE based FIA system provides a simple, rapid, and accurate method for residual chlorine determination in tap water.
• This method offers a viable alternative to traditional techniques, potentially improving routine water quality monitoring.
• The system's performance characteristics suggest its suitability for practical application in water analysis laboratories.