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Related Concept Videos

Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
06:31

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Published on: March 19, 2020

Binary and ternary complexes of inosine.

M M Khalil1, A M Radalla

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Beni-Suef Branch, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

Talanta
|October 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated copper(II) and nickel(II) metal complexes with inosine and various carboxylic acids. Ternary complex formation and stability were analyzed, revealing insights into metal-ligand interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Bioinorganic Chemistry
  • Metal-Ligand Interactions

Background:

  • Inosine is a biologically significant nucleoside.
  • Metal ions like Cu(II) and Ni(II) play crucial roles in biological systems.
  • Understanding metal-ligand complexation is vital for bioinorganic chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and stability of binary and ternary complexes involving Cu(II)/Ni(II), inosine, and various carboxylic acids.
  • To determine the stability constants of these complexes.
  • To elucidate the chelation modes in ternary complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Potentiometric titration was employed to study complex formation at 25°C and 0.10 M ionic strength.
  • Conductivity measurements were used to ascertain the mode of chelation.
  • Stability constants (log K) and related parameters (Delta log K) were calculated.

Main Results:

  • Stepwise formation of ternary complexes was observed.
  • Stability constants for binary and ternary systems were determined.
  • Lower stability of 1:2 inosine complexes compared to 1:1 systems aligns with statistical expectations.
  • Analysis of Delta log K values provided insights into complex stability and structure.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized binary and ternary complexes of Cu(II)/Ni(II) with inosine and carboxylic acids.
  • Potentiometry and conductivity measurements provided a comprehensive understanding of complex formation and chelation.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of metal ion interactions with nucleosides and organic acids in biological contexts.