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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
Published on: July 1, 2016
Flow techniques in water analysis
V Cerdà1, J M Estela, R Forteza
1Department of Chemistry, University Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. vcerda@p01.uib.es
Abstract:
In the present work the main flow techniques for the analysis and monitoring of several parameters of interest in the quality control of different types of waters are reviewed. Firstly, a review involving the advantages and disadvantages of flow techniques, from those currently out-dated, such as segmented flow analysis (SFA), to the most modern techniques, such as flow injection analysis (FIA), sequential injection analysis (SIA) and multi-commutation techniques (MCFA), is carried out. On the other hand, a new technique, the multi-syringe flow analysis (MSFA) is hereby described for the first time as both a fast and robust alternative. Its possibilities, limitations and potential advantages when using this technique either on its own or coupled to SIA, which carries out a previous sample handling, are outlined.
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