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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors01:13

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...
Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing
08:12

Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing

Published on: March 13, 2013

A long pathlength spectrophotometric pCO(2) sensor using a gas-permeable liquid-core waveguide.

Zhaohui Aleck Wang1, Yongchen Wang, Wei-Jun Cai

  • 1Department of Marines Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Talanta
|October 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A novel fiber optic sensor system accurately measures partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in water and air. This innovative sensor offers high sensitivity and rapid response times for environmental monitoring.

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Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing
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Published on: March 13, 2013

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
07:28

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Published on: August 30, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) is crucial for environmental monitoring.
  • Existing pCO2 sensors may face limitations in sensitivity, response time, or applicability to diverse environments.
  • Fiber optic sensing offers potential for sensitive and remote measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize the first long pathlength fiber optic-based sensor system for pCO2 measurement.
  • To evaluate the sensor's performance in natural waters and the atmosphere.
  • To demonstrate the advantages of long pathlength and specific membrane materials for pCO2 sensing.

Main Methods:

  • A liquid-core waveguide sensor using an indicator-HCO3-/CO3(2-) buffer solution was designed.
  • The waveguide was constructed from a low refractive index amorphous fluoropolymer tubing acting as a gas-permeable membrane.
  • Absorbance changes of the indicator were detected to determine pCO2 levels.
  • Theoretical calculations guided optimization of optical pathlength and indicator concentration.

Main Results:

  • The sensor system achieved high sensitivity by utilizing a long optical pathlength (18-cm cell).
  • Precision and accuracy of +/-2-3 muatm were obtained in the pCO2 range of 200-500 muatm with low indicator concentrations (10 muM).
  • A rapid response time (99%) of only 2 minutes was achieved for low pCO2 levels (<1000 muatm) due to the fluoropolymer membrane's high CO2 permeability.
  • Field tests confirmed the sensor's capability for both atmospheric and aquatic pCO2 monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • The developed long pathlength fiber optic sensor is a highly sensitive and accurate instrument for pCO2 monitoring.
  • The sensor's design, utilizing a specific buffer solution and a permeable fluoropolymer membrane, enables rapid and precise measurements in various environments.
  • This technology represents a significant advancement for environmental pCO2 sensing applications.