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A simple flow injection system with bead injection for trace iron determination.

K Jitmanee¹, S Kradtap Hartwell, J Jakmunee

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Institute for Science and Technology Research and Development, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

|October 31, 2008

Summary

A new, affordable flow injection system using bead injection effectively measures low iron concentrations in water. This method offers sensitive and accurate iron detection for environmental monitoring.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Science
Water Quality Monitoring

Background:

Accurate determination of low iron concentrations in water is crucial for environmental and health assessments.
Traditional methods for iron analysis can be complex, costly, or time-consuming.
Development of simple, cost-effective analytical systems is needed for routine water quality monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a simple, low-cost flow injection (FI) system with bead injection (BI) for determining low concentrations of iron in water samples.
To assess the system's performance in terms of sensitivity, working range, and accuracy.
To enable the differentiation and quantification of both total iron and Fe(2+) in water.

Main Methods:

A flow injection system was designed incorporating bead injection (BI) technology.
Chelex-100 chelating resin beads were utilized within a jet ring cell for iron preconcentration.
Colorimetric detection of the 1,10-phenanthroline-Fe(2+) complex was performed using a green LED light source.
Iron reduction (Fe(3+) to Fe(2+)) was achieved using ascorbic acid to determine total iron content.

Main Results:

The developed system achieved lowest detectable levels of Fe(2+) at 0.90 and 0.45 µmol L⁻¹ with sample loading times of 3 and 5 minutes, respectively.
The working range for iron determination extended up to 3.90 µmol L⁻¹.
Quantitative analysis of spiked water samples showed percent recoveries ranging from 100% to 110% for Fe(2+).

Conclusions:

The developed bead injection flow injection system provides a simple, low-cost, and effective method for quantifying low levels of iron in water.
The system demonstrates good sensitivity, accuracy, and a suitable working range for environmental water analysis.
This method facilitates the determination of both total iron and specifically Fe(2+), offering valuable insights into water chemistry.