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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Speciation can proceed at markedly different rates, and evolutionary biologists commonly describe these differences through the models of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Both patterns explain how new species arise, but they differ in the tempo and continuity of evolutionary change. In both cases, evolutionary change arises from heritable variation within populations, with natural selection often shaping traits that improve survival and reproduction under specific environmental conditions.
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Method to Preserve Wetland Roots and Rhizospheres for Elemental Imaging
06:29

A Method to Preserve Wetland Roots and Rhizospheres for Elemental Imaging

Published on: February 15, 2021

Arsenic speciation analysis.

Zhilong Gong1, Xiufen Lu, Mingsheng Ma

  • 1Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, T6G 2G3 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Talanta
|October 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate arsenic speciation is crucial due to varying toxicity. Advanced hyphenated techniques, like HPLC coupled with ICP-MS, are now preferred for analyzing arsenic species in environmental and biological samples.

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Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
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A Method to Preserve Wetland Roots and Rhizospheres for Elemental Imaging
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Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Wide Range of Food Matrices using Hydride Generation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
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Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
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Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Numerous arsenic species exist in environmental and biological systems, each with distinct toxicity and behavior.
  • Understanding the specific arsenic species present is vital for assessing risks and environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review analytical advancements in arsenic speciation analysis.
  • To highlight the utility of hyphenated techniques for determining individual arsenic species.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on hyphenated techniques combining separation (e.g., High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) with sensitive detection (e.g., Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Hydride Generation Atomic Spectrometry, Electrospray Mass Spectrometry).
  • Discuss methods for sample preparation, including extraction from solid matrices and stabilization in solutions.

Main Results:

  • Hyphenated techniques have significantly improved the ability to determine individual arsenic species.
  • These advancements have led to the identification of new arsenic species.
  • Improved speciation analysis contributes to a better understanding of arsenic metabolism and biogeochemical cycling.

Conclusions:

  • Hyphenated analytical techniques are the current standard for arsenic speciation.
  • Reliable arsenic speciation data necessitates robust methods for sample extraction and stabilization.
  • Continued development in analytical methods is key to advancing our knowledge of arsenic's environmental and biological roles.