Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2026
08:53
Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level
Published on: June 6, 2018
A sensitive spectrophotometric method for lead determination by flow injection analysis with on-line preconcentration
María S Di Nezio1, Miriam E Palomeque, Beatriz S Fernández Band
1FIA Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina.
Talanta
|October 31, 2008
Summary
A novel flow injection system efficiently determines trace lead (Pb(II)) using chitosan preconcentration and spectrophotometry. This simple, sensitive, and cost-effective method accurately analyzes lead in various water samples.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Environmental Chemistry
Background:
- Accurate determination of trace lead (Pb(II)) is crucial for environmental and health monitoring.
- Existing methods for lead detection can be complex or costly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective flow injection (FI) system for trace lead determination.
- To preconcentrate lead ions using chitosan for enhanced spectrophotometric detection.
Main Methods:
- A flow injection system was designed incorporating a preconcentration step using chitosan.
- Lead ions were complexed with dithizone in an aqueous medium at pH 9.
- Optimization of chemicals and FI variables was performed.
- The method was validated using natural, well, and drinking water samples.
Main Results:
- The proposed method achieved a linear range of 25–250 µg/L and a detection limit of 5.0 ng/mL.
- A sample throughput of 15 samples per hour was obtained.
- Results for spiked samples showed good agreement with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES).
Conclusions:
- The developed FI system offers a simple, highly sensitive, and low-cost alternative for trace lead determination.
- The method is suitable for analyzing lead in diverse water matrices.
- The preconcentration on chitosan significantly enhances lead detection sensitivity.
Related Concept Videos
01:05High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
00:57High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation
High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
01:19Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods
In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
01:21Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab
For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
01:27Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview
Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
01:11High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction
High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process: