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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Complexometric Titration: Overview00:39

Complexometric Titration: Overview

Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the end point of a complexometric titration. It is added to the metal solution before the titration, forming a stable metal–indicator complex and imparting color to the solution. As the titration approaches the equivalence point, the excess of the added ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex, releasing the free indicator. The...
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Synthetic Methodology for Asymmetric Ferrocene Derived Bio-conjugate Systems via Solid Phase Resin-based Methodology
07:07

Synthetic Methodology for Asymmetric Ferrocene Derived Bio-conjugate Systems via Solid Phase Resin-based Methodology

Published on: March 12, 2015

Copper(II) selective electrochemical sensor based on Schiff Base complexes.

Lok P Singh1, Jitendra M Bhatnagar

  • 1Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), C.P. Divison, CBRI, Roorkee 247667, India.

Talanta
|October 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New Schiff Base sensors offer selective detection of copper ions (Cu2+). These plasticized membranes provide a reliable method for sensing copper in various conditions with excellent performance and minimal interference.

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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Sensors
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Schiff Base complexes are effective ligands for metal ion coordination.
  • Developing selective and sensitive ion-selective electrodes is crucial for environmental and industrial monitoring.
  • Plasticized membranes offer tunable properties for sensor applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel Schiff Base-based plasticized membranes for Cu(2+)-selective sensing.
  • To optimize membrane composition and evaluate the influence of plasticizers and anion excluders.
  • To assess the sensor's performance in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, response time, and operational stability.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of plasticized membranes using Schiff Base complexes derived from 2,3-diaminopyridine and o-vanilin.
  • Potentiometric analysis to determine sensor performance characteristics, including selectivity, Nernstian slope, and detection limit.
  • Investigation of the effects of various plasticizers (DBP, DOP, CN, TBP) and sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB).
  • Evaluation of sensor performance across a wide pH range, non-aqueous tolerance, and shelf life.
  • Determination of selectivity coefficients using the match potential method (MPM) and assessment of interference from Hg(2+).
  • Application of the sensor in potentiometric titration of Cu(2+) with EDTA.

Main Results:

  • An optimized membrane composition (B(1%):PVC(33%):DOP(65%):NaTPB(1%)) demonstrated superior performance.
  • The sensor exhibited a wide linear concentration range (5.0x10(-6) to 1.0x10(-1)M) with a low detection limit (0.3ppm) and a Nernstian slope (29.6mV/decade).
  • The sensor showed a broad working pH range (1.9-5.2), fast response time (<30s), high non-aqueous tolerance (up to 20%), and good shelf life (>4 months).
  • High selectivity for Cu(2+) over interfering ions was confirmed by MPM, with a tolerance level for Hg(2+) (K(Cu(2+)Hg(2+))(Pot)(MPM): 0.45).
  • The sensor was successfully employed in potentiometric titrations of Cu(2+) with EDTA.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Schiff Base-based plasticized membranes are highly effective Cu(2+)-selective sensors.
  • The sensor offers excellent performance characteristics, making it suitable for diverse analytical applications.
  • The sensor demonstrates robustness and reliability, even in the presence of common interfering ions like Hg(2+).