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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Generation of Parabiotic Zebrafish Embryos by Surgical Fusion of Developing Blastulae
10:38

Generation of Parabiotic Zebrafish Embryos by Surgical Fusion of Developing Blastulae

Published on: June 11, 2016

Splenogonadal fusion.

Sung-Lang Chen1, Yu-Lin Kao, Hung-Shun Sun

  • 1Department of Urology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. cshy650@csh.org.tw

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi
|October 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare congenital anomaly where splenic tissue fuses with the gonad. Early diagnosis via imaging can prevent unnecessary surgeries for suspected testicular tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Congenital anomalies
  • Surgical pathology
  • Pediatric surgery

Background:

  • Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare congenital anomaly.
  • It involves the fusion of splenic tissue to the gonad.
  • SGF is often misdiagnosed as testicular neoplasm, leading to unnecessary orchiectomy.

Observation:

  • A 16-year-old male presented with a left scrotal mass.
  • Surgical excision revealed a 1.6-cm tumor, pathologically confirmed as discontinuous type SGF.
  • The surgery preserved the testis, epididymis, and vascular structures.

Findings:

  • Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) can present as a scrotal mass.
  • Preoperative diagnosis is challenging but crucial.
  • Tc-99m sulfur colloid imaging can aid in diagnosis by detecting accessory splenic tissue.

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Implications:

  • Accurate preoperative diagnosis of SGF can avoid radical orchiectomy.
  • Utilizing imaging techniques like Tc-99m sulfur colloid scans is recommended.
  • Intraoperative frozen section analysis should be considered for diagnostic confirmation.