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Centrioles and Centrosomes

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...

Centrosome Duplication

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...

Centrosome Duplication

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...

Spindle Assembly

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...

The Mitotic Spindle

The Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

CentrosomeDB: a human centrosomal proteins database.

Rubén Nogales-Cadenas¹, Federico Abascal, Javier Díez-Pérez

¹Computer Architecture Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Nucleic Acids Research

|October 31, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Centrosome:db is a new database that compiles human centrosome information. It integrates data on centrosomal genes, proteins, evolution, function, and structure for easier research access.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

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Published on: March 3, 2016

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

Published on: September 20, 2013

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Genomics
Bioinformatics

Background:

Extensive research has identified numerous centrosomal proteins.
Data on these proteins is currently fragmented across various sources.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a centralized, integrated database for human centrosome research.
To provide a comprehensive resource for studying centrosome biology.

Main Methods:

Compilation of 383 likely human centrosomal genes and supporting evidence.
Integration of data on orthology, protein domain organization, and interactions.
Inclusion of functional information, gene-disease associations, SNPs, and 3D structures.

Main Results:

Centrosome:db successfully integrates diverse information on the human centrosome.
The database offers evolutionary perspectives, including orthology across multiple species.
It provides graphical representations of protein domain organization and identifies interacting proteins and homologs.

Conclusions:

Centrosome:db serves as a valuable, unified resource for human centrosome research.
The database facilitates deeper understanding of centrosome evolution, function, and structure.
It offers unique data treatment and analysis compared to existing resources.