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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
Published on: July 4, 2018
[Supportive care. Treating pain]
1Arnold Pain Management Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, One Brookline Place, Brookline, MA 02445, USA. cpeeters@bidmc.harvard.edu
Abstract:
In spite of recent discoveries both in the neuroscience of pain mechanisms and in the pharmacologic management of pain, numerous patients with cancer continue to suffer of untreated or under treated pain. This article will give an overview of the different therapeutic modalities including the World Health Organization (WHO) stepladder, more invasive techniques such as the spinal delivery of drugs, the use of neurostimulation and radiofrequency neuroablation. It will also look at complementary and alternative therapies such as acupuncture and end of life care or palliative/supportive care.
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