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Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
05:12

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

[Orbital pseudotumors and Riedel's thyroiditis: case report].

J Gire1, S Guigou, G Darrason

  • 1Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Nord, Marseille, France. gire.julien@hotmail.fr

Journal Francais D'Ophtalmologie
|October 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orbital pseudotumors can coexist with Riedel's thyroiditis, a rare condition potentially linked to idiopathic multifocal fibrosclerosis. Early ophthalmic diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Published on: May 12, 2023

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
04:01

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Orbital pseudotumors and Riedel's thyroiditis are rare conditions.
  • Their association suggests a potential link to idiopathic multifocal fibrosclerosis, a systemic fibrotic disease.

Observation:

  • A 44-year-old woman presented with bilateral inflammatory exophthalmos and optic neuropathy.
  • Imaging revealed bilateral exophthalmos with optic nerve compression.
  • Histopathology confirmed Riedel's thyroiditis; orbital biopsy was inconclusive.

Findings:

  • The patient's symptoms significantly improved with systemic corticosteroids and total thyroidectomy.
  • This case highlights the diagnostic challenge when orbital pseudotumor is the primary manifestation.

Implications:

  • Ophthalmologists should consider Riedel's thyroiditis in cases of orbital pseudotumor.
  • Comprehensive orbital and thyroid work-up is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
  • Early identification can optimize therapeutic strategies for this rare condition.