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Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
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[Intolerance to food additives: an update].

F Cardinale1, F Mangini, M Berardi

  • 1Clinica Pediatrica 1, Dipartimento di Biomedicina dell'Età Evolutiva, Università di Bari, Bari, Italia. fabiocardinale@libero.it

Minerva Pediatrica
|October 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Food additive intolerance is less common than believed, often causing pseudo-allergic reactions (PAR) rather than true allergies. Diagnosis involves challenges, but methods require standardization for accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Food additive intolerance is often misdiagnosed, with low prevalence in the general population.
  • Pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical presentation, and diagnostic methods for food additive intolerance remain unclear.
  • Symptoms typically involve non-IgE-mediated pseudo-allergic reactions (PAR), distinct from IgE-mediated food allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the prevalence, mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic approaches for food additive intolerance.
  • To highlight the distinction between food additive reactions and true food allergies.
  • To address the challenges in standardizing diagnostic procedures for food additive intolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing diary cards to record symptoms and dietary intake.
  • Implementing elimination diets to identify trigger additives.
  • Conducting double-blind, placebo-controlled oral challenges for diagnosis.
  • Reviewing existing literature on pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Food additive intolerance affects a small percentage of the population.
  • Urticaria-angioedema syndrome is the most frequent clinical manifestation.
  • Other symptoms include anaphylaxis, atopic eczema, behavioral issues, asthma, and rhinitis.
  • Diagnostic procedures, particularly oral challenges, lack standardization and consistent interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • Food additive intolerance is uncommon, with pseudo-allergic reactions being the primary mechanism.
  • Standardized diagnostic protocols are crucial for accurate identification and management.
  • Exclusion diets and symptomatic treatments are current therapeutic strategies.