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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

DNA repair enzymes.

Thomas C Evans, Nicole M Nichols

    Current Protocols in Molecular Biology
    |October 31, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    DNA damage threatens genetic stability, but base excision repair (BER) enzymes offer a solution. These N-glycosylase enzymes efficiently find and remove diverse DNA lesions, aiding in genetic repair and experimental applications.

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    Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
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    Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

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    Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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    Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
    07:55

    Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

    Published on: June 26, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • DNA damage poses a significant threat to organismal genetic stability.
    • Evolution has led to the development of multiple DNA repair pathways.
    • Base excision repair (BER) is a critical pathway for removing various DNA lesions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To focus on enzymes involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway.
    • To highlight the role of N-glycosylase activity in DNA repair.
    • To explore the experimental applications of BER enzymes.

    Main Methods:

    • Focus on enzymes with N-glycosylase activity.
    • Characterization of substrate specificity and accuracy of BER enzymes.
    • In vitro activity assays for DNA repair enzymes.

    Main Results:

    • BER enzymes with N-glycosylase activity can identify and excise a broad spectrum of damaged bases.
    • These enzymes demonstrate high substrate specificity and accuracy.
    • Many BER enzymes exhibit robust in vitro activity.

    Conclusions:

    • BER enzymes are crucial for maintaining genetic stability by repairing DNA damage.
    • The unique properties of BER enzymes enable their use in experimental techniques like site-specific DNA cleavage.
    • These enzymes are effective against various DNA lesions, including oxidized bases, alkylated bases, and deaminated bases.