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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Stable Isotope In-Vivo Labeling for Mass-Spectrometry Identification of Paternal Metabolites Transferred from Sperm to Oocyte During Fertilization
05:55

Stable Isotope In-Vivo Labeling for Mass-Spectrometry Identification of Paternal Metabolites Transferred from Sperm to Oocyte During Fertilization

Published on: June 17, 2025

Gene-environment interaction and the metabolic syndrome.

Kristi B Adamo1, Frédérique Tesson

  • 1Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.

Novartis Foundation Symposium
|November 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, is influenced by genetics and environment. Lifestyle interventions like diet and exercise are key for managing type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Metabolic syndrome affects up to 20% of US adults, characterized by obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.
  • These risk factors have both genetic and environmental components, often treated as complex genetic diseases.
  • Lifestyle interventions, including weight loss and physical activity, are primary strategies before pharmacological treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between environmental factors and key metabolic syndrome components: type 2 diabetes and exercise, obesity and diet, hypertension and salt.
  • To identify genetic underpinnings of these risk factors through a transition from candidate gene to genome-wide association studies.
  • To uncover novel mechanistic pathways for therapeutic interventions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Stable Isotope In-Vivo Labeling for Mass-Spectrometry Identification of Paternal Metabolites Transferred from Sperm to Oocyte During Fertilization
05:55

Stable Isotope In-Vivo Labeling for Mass-Spectrometry Identification of Paternal Metabolites Transferred from Sperm to Oocyte During Fertilization

Published on: June 17, 2025

Main Methods:

  • Candidate gene strategy.
  • Genome-wide association studies.
  • Analysis of environmental factors (diet, exercise, salt intake) in relation to metabolic syndrome components.

Main Results:

  • Focus on identifying genetic contributions to metabolic syndrome risk factors.
  • Exploring the link between specific lifestyle factors and clinical components.
  • Laying groundwork for future genetic discoveries.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the genetic basis of metabolic syndrome risk factors is crucial.
  • Environmental factors significantly influence metabolic syndrome components.
  • This research aims to identify new therapeutic targets by unraveling underlying mechanisms.