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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
08:17

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Published on: August 25, 2017

Gene-environment interactions in environmental lung diseases.

Steven R Kleeberger1, Hye-Youn Cho

  • 1Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.

Novartis Foundation Symposium
|November 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Genetic and environmental factors influence lung disease susceptibility. Identifying gene-environment interactions using mouse models and human cell studies is key for developing new prevention and treatment strategies for lung diseases like asthma and COPD.

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Protein Transfection of Mouse Lung
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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

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Protein Transfection of Mouse Lung
04:21

Protein Transfection of Mouse Lung

Published on: May 15, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Complex lung diseases like asthma, COPD, and ARDS have varied causes.
  • Genetic predisposition plays a role, but doesn't explain all susceptibility differences.
  • Gene-environment interactions are crucial for understanding disease development and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify candidate genes predisposing to oxidant-induced lung injury using animal models.
  • To investigate functional polymorphisms in human genes related to lung injury.
  • To advance a 'bench to bedside' approach for understanding gene-environment interactions in lung diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Positional cloning in inbred mice to identify susceptibility genes for lung injury.
  • Utilizing controlled genetic backgrounds and environmental exposures in animal models.
  • Investigating human gene homologues in cell models to assess functional polymorphisms.

Main Results:

  • Candidate susceptibility genes for oxidant-induced lung injury were identified in mice.
  • Functional polymorphisms in human gene homologues were found to increase lung injury risk.
  • The study established a link between specific genetic variations and environmental exposures in lung injury.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding gene-environment interactions is essential for preventing and treating complex lung diseases.
  • The 'bench to bedside' approach provides valuable insights into human disease etiology.
  • Identifying genetic factors and their interaction with environmental stimuli can lead to novel therapeutic strategies.