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Updated: Jun 28, 2026
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Effects of Mechanical Methods Used in Peri-implantitis Treatment on Implant Surface Decontamination and Roughness
Published on: March 14, 2025
Basic research methods and current trends of dental implant surfaces
Paulo G Coelho1, José M Granjeiro, George E Romanos
1Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, New York 10010, USA. pgcoelho@nyu.edu
Summary
Dental implant surface modifications are crucial for osseointegration. A hierarchical approach evaluating in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data is needed for informed biomaterial design and evaluating implant effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Implantology
- Surface Engineering
Background:
- Surface modifications are the most studied aspect of dental implant design.
- A lack of hierarchical methodologies linking different research types hinders informed implant surface design.
- Existing research often lacks clear guidelines for evaluating novel biomaterials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a hierarchical overview of methodologies for investigating dental implant biomaterials.
- To critically analyze in vitro, in vivo, clinical, and ex vivo approaches.
- To guide dental professionals in evaluating past, present, and future implant surface research.
Main Methods:
- Review of in vitro, laboratory in vivo, clinical, and ex vivo study designs.
- Analysis of commercially available surface texture and chemistry modifications.
- Inclusion of novel nanotechnology-based fabrication processes.
Main Results:
- Surface texturing is the primary method for enhancing host-to-implant response.
- Nanoscale features combined with bioactive ceramics show synergistic potential.
- Long-term benefits of surface modifications lack sufficient clinical trial data.
Conclusions:
- A hierarchical approach integrating various research methodologies is essential for dental implant surface design.
- Clinicians must critically evaluate in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data before adopting new dental implants.
- Further controlled clinical trials are needed to ascertain long-term benefits of surface modifications.
