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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...

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Investigating Intestinal Inflammation in DSS-induced Model of IBD
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Inflammation and intestinal function: where does it start and what does it mean?

Kelly A Tappenden1

  • 1Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. tappende@uiuc.edu

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Inflammation, not intestinal dysfunction, often injures the gut. Nutrient strategies can protect and repair intestinal mucosa during inflammatory conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Intestinal functions like digestion, absorption, and barrier integrity are compromised during inflammation.
  • Inflammation from distant organs can impair intestinal function, even with normal-appearing intestinal tissue.
  • Current understanding often posits intestinal dysfunction as a driver of inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the dogma that intestinal dysfunction drives inflammation.
  • To highlight inflammation as a potential primary injurious factor to the intestine.
  • To explore the role of nutrients in protecting and repairing the intestinal mucosa during inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical and experimental data.
  • Analysis of the temporal relationship between inflammation and intestinal damage.
  • Evaluation of nutrient interventions in inflammatory states.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests inflammation frequently precedes and causes intestinal damage, contrary to common belief.
  • Distal inflammation can negatively impact intestinal health without direct mucosal lesions.
  • Specific nutrients demonstrate protective and reparative effects on the intestinal lining.

Conclusions:

  • The causal relationship between inflammation and intestinal damage requires re-evaluation.
  • Inflammation, originating both locally and distally, is a significant threat to intestinal integrity.
  • Nutritional support strategies are crucial for managing intestinal health in inflammatory conditions.