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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...

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Related Experiment Videos

Inflammation: roles in aging and sarcopenia.

Gordon L Jensen1

  • 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|November 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Aging accelerates muscle loss (sarcopenia), linked to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Interventions like exercise and nutrition may combat this age-related condition, potentially part of a broader cachexia spectrum.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Muscle physiology
  • Inflammology

Background:

  • Aging is linked to chronic inflammatory conditions like obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and arthritis.
  • Sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss, results from factors including reduced neural input, hormonal changes, poor protein intake, and inactivity.
  • Emerging research indicates sarcopenia involves a low-grade inflammatory state fueled by cytokines and oxidative stress, with elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein often observed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the inflammatory underpinnings of sarcopenia.
  • To investigate the relationship between sarcopenia, obesity, and inflammation.
  • To review potential interventions for sarcopenia and its classification within aging syndromes.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Literature review of aging, sarcopenia, inflammation, and related conditions.
  • Analysis of research findings on cytokines, oxidative stress, and sarcopenia markers.
  • Examination of intervention strategies for sarcopenia.

    • Main Results:

    • Sarcopenia is characterized by a smoldering inflammatory state involving cytokines and oxidative stress.
    • Sarcopenic obesity exacerbates inflammation due to adiposity and adipokines.
    • Potential interventions include nutritional support, exercise, hormonal therapy, and anti-inflammatory/antioxidant agents.

    Conclusions:

    • Sarcopenia is strongly associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in aging.
    • Sarcopenic obesity presents a compounded inflammatory challenge.
    • Further research is needed to determine if sarcopenia is a distinct syndrome or part of the cachexia continuum.