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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: April 13, 2016

Trampoline effect in extreme ground motion.

Shin Aoi¹, Takashi Kunugi, Hiroyuki Fujiwara

¹National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan. aoi@bosai.go.jp

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 1, 2008

Summary

Strong earthquake ground motion can have extreme vertical acceleration, significantly exceeding horizontal forces. A novel bouncing mass model explains this asymmetry, improving seismic hazard assessments.

Area of Science:

Geophysics
Earthquake Engineering
Seismology

Background:

Traditional earthquake hazard assessments primarily focus on horizontal ground motion.
Recent seismic events have highlighted the significant impact of vertical ground acceleration.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the unprecedented vertical surface acceleration recorded during the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi earthquake.
To develop a model explaining the observed asymmetry in vertical ground motion.

Main Methods:

Analysis of ground motion records from the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi earthquake (Mw 6.9).
Development of a simplified physical model (mass bouncing on a trampoline) to simulate vertical ground motion.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

Published on: April 13, 2016

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

Recorded vertical acceleration reached nearly four times gravity, exceeding horizontal acceleration.

Observed asymmetry in vertical acceleration (upward amplitude 1.6 times downward) was not explained by existing soil response models.

The bouncing mass model successfully accounts for the large amplitude and asymmetry.

Conclusions:

The study identifies a previously unrecognized mode of strong ground motion characterized by significant, asymmetric vertical acceleration.
This finding necessitates advancements in near-source seismic hazard assessment methodologies.
The proposed model offers a new perspective for understanding and predicting extreme vertical ground motion during earthquakes.