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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
13:07

Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells

Published on: January 30, 2019

Interactions between HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the downstream template strand in stable complexes with

Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt1, Peter R Meyer, Walter A Scott

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

Plos One
|November 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) interacts with the DNA template strand. These interactions are crucial for stable complex formation during viral replication.

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Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) forms stable ternary complexes with primer-template (P/T).
  • Understanding downstream interactions between HIV-1 RT and the template strand is key to characterizing these complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To probe downstream interactions between HIV-1 RT and the template strand.
  • To investigate complexes containing an incoming deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) and a pyrophosphate analog (foscarnet).

Main Methods:

  • UV-induced cross-linking using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation.
  • Biotin-streptavidin binding assays to map RT positioning.
  • Exonuclease RecJ(F) digestion to define complex boundaries.

Main Results:

  • Cross-linking was most efficient with bromodeoxyuridine at the +2 template position in the dNTP complex.
  • Biotin at the +2 position inhibited streptavidin binding, indicating RT proximity.
  • Foscarnet complex cross-linking favored bromodeoxyuridine at the +1 position, consistent with a pre-translocation state.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-1 RT exhibits tight interactions with the first unpaired template nucleotide downstream.
  • These interactions are significant in both the incoming dNTP and foscarnet-bound complexes.