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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance
14:01

Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance

Published on: July 22, 2011

Regulatory T-cell function is impaired in celiac disease.

Marilena Granzotto1, Sara dal Bo, Sara Quaglia

  • 1Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy. granzotto@burlo.trieste.it

Digestive Diseases and Sciences
|November 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune tolerance. In celiac disease (CD) patients, Treg numbers are normal, but their suppressive function is impaired, suggesting a role in CD pathogenesis and autoimmunity.

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In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance
14:01

Human In Vitro Suppression as Screening Tool for the Recognition of an Early State of Immune Imbalance

Published on: July 22, 2011

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
08:02

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction

Published on: January 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) involves gluten intolerance and increased autoimmune risk.
  • Immune tolerance defects may underlie CD pathogenesis.
  • Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are key to maintaining peripheral immune tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Treg cell numbers in celiac disease patients versus healthy controls.
  • To analyze the suppressive function of Tregs in celiac disease.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to quantify CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ cells.
  • Suppressive function assays were performed on autologous T-cells.
  • Comparison between celiac patients and healthy donors.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in the percentage or marker expression of Tregs was observed between celiac patients and healthy controls.
  • Treg suppressors activity was significantly impaired in celiac disease patients.

Conclusions:

  • While Treg numbers are comparable, their functional suppressive capacity is reduced in celiac disease.
  • Impaired Treg function may contribute to the pathogenesis of celiac disease and associated autoimmune conditions.