Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Children with chronic kidney disease: a 3-year prospective study of growth, bone mass and bone turnover

Diana Swolin-Eide1, Sverker Hansson, Per Magnusson

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|November 4, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experienced satisfactory growth but showed delayed bone age. Bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores remained stable, though some had low scores, indicating potential mineral bone disorder despite preserved BMD.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face increased risks of skeletal complications.
  • Monitoring bone health is crucial for managing pediatric CKD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively investigate bone mass and turnover in children with CKD over three years.
  • To assess changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and related metabolic markers.

Main Methods:

  • A 3-year prospective study included 15 children (4-15 years) with CKD (median GFR 48 mL/min/1.73 m²).
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone/mineral metabolism markers were assessed.
  • Evaluated total body BMD (TBBMD) and lumbar spine BMD Z-scores, parathyroid hormone (PTH), leptin, vitamin D, and osteoprotegerin levels.

Main Results:

  • Growth was satisfactory, but bone age was delayed.
  • TBBMD and lumbar spine Z-scores were mostly below zero but did not significantly change, with none below -2.5.
  • Elevated PTH levels were common at baseline (11 patients) and after 3 years (13 patients).
  • Increased osteoprotegerin was observed in nearly 50% of patients after 3 years.

Conclusions:

  • Preserved bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores in pediatric CKD patients do not rule out underlying mineral bone disorders.
  • Elevated PTH and osteoprotegerin suggest ongoing bone turnover abnormalities despite seemingly normal BMD.
  • Longitudinal monitoring of bone metabolism markers is essential in children with CKD.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

Preparation Of Gushukang (GSK) Granules for In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments06:16

Preparation Of Gushukang (GSK) Granules for In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments

Published on: May 9, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of fluid...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...