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Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt

Atef Shibl1, Ziad Memish, Stephen Pelton

  • 1King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. amshibl@ksu.edu.sa

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
|November 4, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) significantly impacts children in the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt. Most IPD cases were bloodstream infections or meningitis, with common serotypes covered by vaccines, highlighting a preventable disease burden.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) presents a significant global health challenge, particularly for young children.
  • Understanding regional disease burden and serotype distribution is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the burden of IPD and causative pneumococcal serotypes/serogroups in children from the Arabian Peninsula and Egypt.
  • To assess the potential impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) and antimicrobial resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search conducted for studies published between 1990 and 2007.
  • Data extraction focused on IPD incidence, serotypes, vaccine coverage, penicillin resistance, and case fatality/morbidity rates.

Main Results:

  • IPD incidence in children under five years ranged from 3.4 to 53.5 per 100,000.
  • Common serotypes included 14, 23F, 6B, 19F, and 6A, with PCV-7 potentially covering 49-83% of cases.
  • Penicillin resistance varied widely (0-78%), and pneumococcal meningitis had significant case fatality (0-22%) and morbidity (10-62%) rates.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial vaccine-preventable burden of IPD exists in young children in the region.
  • Standardized definitions and improved surveillance are needed to effectively measure the impact of infant immunization programs.

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