Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
13:00

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Published on: July 31, 2021

Immunisation coverage in Australian Indigenous children: Time to move the goal posts

Kerry-Ann O'Grady1, Vicki Krause, Ross Andrews

  • 1School of Population Health & Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. kogrady@menzies.edu.au

Vaccine
|November 4, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Timeliness of childhood immunisation in Indigenous infants in Australia

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Childhood immunisation coverage rates reported later in infancy can obscure delays in timely vaccination.
  • Ensuring timely infant immunisation is crucial for protection against serious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the timeliness of routine infant immunisation schedules among Indigenous infants in Australia's Northern Territory.
  • To identify potential gaps in early childhood vaccination timeliness.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immunisation records based on the age of children at vaccination completion.
  • Data were assessed at 7, 13, and 18 months of age.

Main Results:

  • Only 45.2% of Indigenous infants completed the recommended immunisation schedule by 7 months of age.
  • Completion rates increased to 49.5% by 13 months and 81.2% by 18 months.
  • Significant delays in achieving timely immunisation were observed in the first year of life.

Conclusions:

  • Current immunisation reporting may not adequately reflect timeliness for Indigenous infants.
  • There is a critical need to improve immunisation timeliness within the first year of life for Indigenous infants.
  • Performance benchmarks should prioritize timely vaccination in early infancy.

More Related Videos

The Use of Fluorescent Target Arrays for Assessment of T Cell Responses In vivo12:09

The Use of Fluorescent Target Arrays for Assessment of T Cell Responses In vivo

Published on: June 19, 2014

Novel Protocol for Generating Physiologic Immunogenic Dendritic Cells12:08

Novel Protocol for Generating Physiologic Immunogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 17, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.