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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

Published on: February 7, 2015

Thyroid function is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in euthyroid subjects.

Noboru Takamura¹, Ainur Akilzhanova, Naomi Hayashida

¹Department of Radiation Epidemiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan. takamura@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Atherosclerosis

|November 4, 2008

Summary

Thyroid function within the normal range is linked to carotid intima-media thickness, a marker of cardiovascular risk. Lower thyroid hormone levels, even within normal limits, may indicate increased cardiovascular risk in the general population.

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Published on: September 27, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

Published on: February 7, 2015

Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome

Pulse-Wave Velocity, Flow-Mediated Dilation, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Assess Cardiovascular Risk in Population with Metabolic Syndrome

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Cardiovascular Medicine
Public Health

Background:

Thyroid dysfunction is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
The relationship between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis remains unclear in the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between thyroid function (free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in euthyroid adults.

Main Methods:

1772 Japanese adults over 40 were screened; 643 euthyroid individuals without vascular disease were analyzed.
Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess correlations between thyroid hormones, CIMT, and other risk factors.

Main Results:

Free thyroxine showed a significant inverse correlation with CIMT (beta=-0.13, p=0.043) after adjusting for confounding factors.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone showed a significant positive correlation with CIMT (beta=0.29, p=0.001), as well as with HDL-C and HbA1c.
These associations were observed within the normal reference range for thyroid function.

Conclusions:

Carotid intima-media thickness is independently associated with thyroid function within the normal range.
Low-normal thyroid function may be linked to increased cardiovascular risk, suggesting the need for further investigation.