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Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
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Progression of venous pathology after pacemaker and cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: A prospective serial

Petri Korkeila1, Antti Ylitalo, Juhani Koistinen

  • 1Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland. petri.korkeila@tyks.fi

Annals of Medicine
|November 4, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Total venous occlusion (TVO) is common after pacemaker implantation, often without symptoms. Most venous lesions develop early, but late occurrences of total venous occlusion are also possible.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Limited prospective data exists on venous obstruction post-pacemaker electrode implantation.
  • A prospective study was conducted on 150 patients receiving their first pacemaker.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively evaluate the incidence and characteristics of venous obstruction after pacemaker implantation.
  • To assess the development of total venous occlusion (TVO) and associated symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • 150 patients undergoing first pacemaker implantation were included.
  • Baseline and 6-month venography were performed for all patients.
  • A subset of 50 patients had long-term follow-up for a mean of 2.4 years.

Main Results:

  • At 6 months, 14% of patients had venous obstructions; only 0.7% developed acute symptomatic thrombosis.
  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred in 3.3% of patients.
  • Overall, 9 out of 150 patients had total venous occlusion (TVO), often asymptomatic, with some late-onset lesions observed.

Conclusions:

  • Total venous occlusion (TVO) is a frequent finding after pacemaker implantation, typically asymptomatic.
  • Venous lesions predominantly develop in the initial months, though late and unpredictable TVO can occur.
  • No independent predictors for TVO were identified through regression analysis.
Abstract

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