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A meta-analysis of impact exercise on postmenopausal bone loss: the case for mixed loading exercise programmes.
1Leeds Metropolitan University, UK. M.Martyn-St-James@leedsmet.ac.uk
British Journal of Sports Medicine
|November 5, 2008
Summary
Combining jogging with resistance training effectively reduces postmenopausal bone loss at the hip and spine. Other impact exercises are less effective for preserving bone mineral density (BMD).
Area of Science:
- Exercise Science
- Gerontology
- Orthopedics
Background:
- Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a significant health concern, leading to increased fracture risk.
- Impact exercise is proposed as a method to mitigate bone loss.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of different impact exercise protocols on bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and spine in postmenopausal women.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.
- Two independent reviewers assessed studies on impact exercise and BMD in postmenopausal women.
- Heterogeneity, publication bias, and trial quality were evaluated.
Main Results:
- Protocols combining jogging with walking/stair climbing, and those integrating impact exercise with resistance training, significantly increased lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD.
- High-impact only or odd-impact only protocols did not effectively increase BMD at any site.
- Significant effects were observed for lumbar spine (WMD 0.025 g/cm², 95% CI 0.004-0.046) and femoral neck (WMD 0.022 g/cm², 95% CI 0.014-0.030).
Conclusions:
- Mixed loading exercise programs, including jogging with other activities and resistance training, appear effective in reducing postmenopausal bone loss.
- Less effective impact exercise protocols may not preserve bone mineral density (BMD) in this population.
- Discrepancies in trial methodology and reporting necessitate further research.
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