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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Of...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue, improving...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats
07:29

The Left Pneumonectomy Combined with Monocrotaline or Sugen as a Model of Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Published on: March 8, 2019

Exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension.

James J Tolle1, Aaron B Waxman, Teresa L Van Horn

  • 1Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, BUL 1-148, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA. jjtolle@yahoo.com

Circulation
|November 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a mild, early stage of the PAH spectrum. Invasive testing confirms it is a clinically relevant condition, distinct from resting PAH.

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Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
08:34

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • The clinical significance of exercise-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is not well understood.
  • Direct hemodynamic measurements have rarely been used to study exercise-induced PAH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hemodynamic characteristics of exercise-induced PAH.
  • To determine if exercise-induced PAH represents a distinct physiological stage within the PAH spectrum.

Main Methods:

  • Invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on 406 patients.
  • Pulmonary and radial artery catheters and radionuclide ventriculography were used.
  • Hemodynamic data were analyzed to compare exercise-induced PAH with resting PAH and normal controls.

Main Results:

  • Exercise-induced PAH (n=78) showed intermediate oxygen uptake and higher pulmonary artery pressure and resistance compared to normals.
  • A 'plateau' pattern in pressure-oxygen uptake plots was associated with lower exercise capacity and higher resting pulmonary vascular resistance.
  • This plateau pattern was more common in resting PAH, while the 'takeoff' pattern was seen in normals.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise-induced PAH is identified as an early, mild phase within the spectrum of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
  • This condition is physiologically distinct and clinically relevant.