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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

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Tissue-fluid interface analysis using biphasic finite element method.

G U Unnikrishnan¹, V U Unnikrishnan, J N Reddy

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. ginu@tamu.edu

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

|November 5, 2008

Summary

This study introduces a novel biphasic finite element model for tissue-fluid interaction analysis. The method accurately simulates blood flow in arteries, capturing velocity increases and pressure drops in stenosed regions.

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Area of Science:

Computational mechanics
Biomedical engineering
Fluid dynamics

Background:

Traditional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models often decouple solid and fluid domains, relying on external boundary conditions.
Finite element applications in FSI typically use iterative or sequential algorithms.
Accurate simulation of tissue-fluid interactions is crucial for understanding physiological processes and disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a new computational methodology for analyzing tissue-fluid interaction problems.
To develop a unified finite element model treating the entire domain as a single biphasic continuum.
To apply this model to simulate blood flow through normal and stenotic arteries.

Main Methods:

A penalty-based finite element model is employed, discretizing both sub-domains simultaneously in space and time.
The entire computational domain is treated as a single biphasic continuum, eliminating the need for explicit interface elements or boundary conditions.
The developed biphasic interface finite element model is utilized for simulations.

Main Results:

The model successfully analyzes blood flow through normal and stenotic arteries.
It accurately captures the increase in fluid flow velocity past arterial stenoses.
The method effectively simulates the associated pressure drop in stenosed regions.

Conclusions:

The proposed biphasic continuum finite element approach offers a simplified and effective method for tissue-fluid interaction analysis.
This methodology avoids complex interface treatments, enhancing computational efficiency.
The model's ability to accurately predict hemodynamic changes in stenosed arteries highlights its clinical relevance.