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Related Concept Videos

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
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Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), including Desipramine (Norpramin), Imipramine (Tofranil), Clomipramine (Anafranil), and Amitriptyline (Elavil), inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and also block other receptors. They are used for depression, pain conditions, and insomnia. Common adverse effects include anticholinergic effects, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and weight gain. They have a narrow therapeutic window and so require plasma-level monitoring. Abrupt discontinuation can...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
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Antidepressant Drugs: Overview

Antidepressant drugs are a class of medications primarily used for treating various mood disorders, including major depression, anxiety disorders, and other related conditions. These medicines work by modulating the neurotransmitter balance within the brain, alleviating depressive symptoms. Antidepressants can be broadly categorized into several groups according to their mechanism of action and chemical structure: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
09:29

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Published on: January 9, 2015

Paroxetine: safety and tolerability issues.

David M Marks1, Min-Hyeon Park, Byung-Joo Ham

  • 1Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, 2218 Elder Street, Durham 27705, USA.

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
|November 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paroxetine, a potent selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), is effective for several mental health conditions. However, it may cause more side effects and has potential risks in pregnancy compared to other SSRIs.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
09:29

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Published on: January 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Paroxetine is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) with immediate-release and controlled-release (CR) formulations.
  • It is the most potent SSRI for inhibiting serotonin re-uptake.
  • Approved for major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine compared to other SSRIs.
  • To examine the safety profile of paroxetine, including side effects and pregnancy risks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical data and studies on paroxetine.
  • Comparison of paroxetine's efficacy and side effect profile with other SSRIs.
  • Assessment of safety data, including congenital malformation rates and pregnancy categorization.

Main Results:

  • Paroxetine's efficacy is comparable to other SSRIs across approved indications.
  • Paroxetine is associated with higher rates of sedation, constipation, sexual dysfunction, discontinuation syndrome, and weight gain.
  • Emerging data suggest potential increased congenital malformation rates, though not conclusive.
  • Paroxetine is not indicated for pediatric use and is Pregnancy Class D.

Conclusions:

  • Paroxetine's overall efficacy is similar to other SSRIs.
  • Paroxetine exhibits a less favorable tolerability profile than other SSRIs, with more frequent side effects.
  • Further well-designed comparative trials are needed to definitively assess paroxetine's tolerability versus other antidepressants.