Related Concept Videos
Sutures of the Skull
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Overview of the Axial Skeleton
The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the adult...
The axial skeleton of the adult...
Teeth
The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
The Hyoid Bone
The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
You might also read
Related Articles
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Sort by
Same author
The AJO-DO and the history of orthodontics.
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·2015
Same author
Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 16: Late 20th-century fixed appliances.
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·2008
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2026

07:32
Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
Published on: February 23, 2024
Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 15: Skeletal anchorage.
Summary
Orthodontists can now achieve complex tooth movements using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) like miniscrews and microscrews. These implants offer stationary anchorage, reducing reliance on patient cooperation for successful orthodontic treatment.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Implantology
Background:
- Traditional orthodontic anchorage often depends on patient compliance, leading to variable treatment outcomes.
- Implants used in dentistry and oral surgery represent a potential source for reliable, non-cooperative anchorage solutions.
- Previous research explored various anchorage methods, but a universally cooperative solution remained elusive.
Observation:
- Dental implants, particularly those made of biocompatible titanium, share characteristics with existing anchorage systems.
- The integration of implant technology into orthodontics enables the development of stationary anchorage.
- Miniscrews and microscrews have emerged as advanced temporary anchorage devices (TADs).
Findings:
- Temporary anchorage devices (TADs), such as miniscrews and microscrews, provide a stable and reliable source of orthodontic anchorage.
- Titanium, a biocompatible material, is the preferred choice for these temporary anchorage devices.
- These devices facilitate previously challenging or impossible orthodontic tooth movements.
Implications:
- The use of TADs significantly enhances the predictability and efficiency of orthodontic treatments.
- Orthodontic treatment outcomes are less dependent on patient cooperation, improving overall success rates.
- This advancement represents a paradigm shift in achieving complex orthodontic corrections with greater precision.
