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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.Ribosome Structure and AssemblyRibosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within the...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.Ribosome Structure and AssemblyRibosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within the...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Eukaryotic Polyribosome Profile Analysis
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Polymerization of alpha-hydroxy acids by ribosomes.

Atsushi Ohta1, Hiroshi Murakami, Hiroaki Suga

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|November 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers achieved controlled ribosomal synthesis of polyesters using messenger RNA (mRNA) and genetic-code reprogramming. This method allows precise control over polyester sequence composition and length, advancing biomaterial synthesis.

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Published on: July 6, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Ribosomes can polymerize phenyllactic acid, but this capability was not explored for over 30 years.
  • Previous studies suggested ribosomes could create polymers from phenyllactic acid and phenylalanine mixtures.
  • The synthesis of alpha-hydroxy acids via ribosomes remained largely uninvestigated until recent advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for controlled polyester synthesis using ribosomes.
  • To demonstrate the application of genetic-code reprogramming for synthesizing polyesters with defined sequences.
  • To explore the potential of mRNA-directed synthesis for creating novel biomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic-code reprogramming to assign various alpha-hydroxy acids to specific codons.
  • Employed messenger RNA (mRNA) as a template to direct the sequence and composition of polyester synthesis.
  • Leveraged the ribosome's natural polymerization machinery for in vitro synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Achieved controlled ribosomal synthesis of polyesters.
  • Demonstrated precise control over the sequence composition and length of the synthesized polyesters.
  • Successfully produced polyesters according to the specific mRNA sequence.

Conclusions:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA)-directed synthesis enables fully controlled polyester production.
  • Genetic-code reprogramming is a powerful tool for synthesizing sequence-defined polymers.
  • This approach opens new avenues for creating custom biomaterials with tailored properties.