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Nutritional management of newborn infants: practical guidelines
1Department of Neonatology, Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China. benxm@163.com
World Journal of Gastroenterology
|November 6, 2008
Summary
Nutritional management for newborn infants, especially premature ones, faces challenges. Human milk is ideal, but fortification is needed for very low birth weight infants to ensure adequate nutrient intake.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal nutrition
- Pediatric gastroenterology
- Infant growth and development
Background:
- Nutritional management of newborn infants, particularly premature and intestinal-failure infants, is complex due to growth and organ development needs.
- High-risk infants may receive limited enteral feeding or parenteral nutrition (PN) due to necrotizing enterocolitis concerns.
- Current research focuses on optimizing nutritional strategies for vulnerable newborns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current research on the nutritional management of newborn infants.
- To highlight the role of human milk and the need for fortification.
- To discuss strategies like trophic feedings during PN.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register, abstracts, and relevant publications (1998-2007).
- Analysis of studies on enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, and human milk composition.
- Review of strategies for nutritional support in high-risk infant populations.
Main Results:
- Human milk is the preferred nutrient source for enteral feeding, guiding infant formula development.
- Necrotizing enterocolitis and feeding intolerance limit primary enteral feeding for premature infants.
- Trophic feedings during PN can improve tolerance and reduce PN side effects.
- Human milk lacks sufficient calcium, phosphorus, and zinc for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
Conclusions:
- Human milk is crucial for infant nutrition, but fortification is essential for VLBW infants.
- Balancing enteral and parenteral nutrition strategies is key for high-risk newborns.
- Further research is needed on safe and effective human milk fortification methods.
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