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Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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Related Experiment Video

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Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
12:50

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Voxel-based morphometry in Alzheimer's disease.

Geraldo F Busatto1, Breno S Diniz, Marcus V Zanetti

  • 1Centro de Medicina Nuclear, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. gbusatto@terra.com.br

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|November 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) reveals widespread brain gray matter deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment. This advanced MRI technique offers improved diagnostic potential beyond traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis often relies on clinical assessment and traditional MRI showing medial temporal lobe atrophy.
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is an automated MRI technique for whole-brain gray matter volume assessment.
  • Previous MRI studies primarily used manual region-of-interest measurements, potentially missing widespread brain changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review VBM findings in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage, mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • To explore the potential of VBM in enhancing AD diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice.
  • To outline future research directions for VBM in AD studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of morphometric MRI studies utilizing voxel-based morphometry (VBM).
  • Comparison of gray matter volumes between AD patients, MCI subjects, and healthy controls.
  • Analysis of VBM findings across different stages of AD and its prodrome.

Main Results:

  • VBM identifies gray matter deficits not only in medial temporal structures but also in other brain regions previously unassessed in AD.
  • Significant volume reductions are observed in subjects with AD and MCI compared to controls.
  • VBM findings extend beyond medial temporal lobe atrophy, indicating more widespread neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • VBM is a powerful tool for detecting widespread gray matter abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • VBM has the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of AD in clinical settings.
  • Future research should integrate VBM with white matter analyses and other biomarkers to elucidate AD pathophysiology.