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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Neuralgic amyotrophy associated with hepatitis E virus.

Farina Fong1, Memon Illahi

  • 1farina@doctors.org.uk

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|November 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E infection may cause neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), a condition causing neuropathic pain and limb weakness. This case report highlights a potential new trigger for NA, suggesting an immune response.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) presents with neuropathic pain and paresis, often affecting the brachial plexus.
  • Known triggers for NA include trauma, surgery, pregnancy, inoculations, and infections, though the exact cause remains elusive.
  • Previous reports noted liver enzyme derangements in NA patients without identifying a cause.

Observation:

  • A 53-year-old male presented with bilateral NA, peripheral neuropathy, and isolated liver enzyme abnormalities.
  • Serological testing confirmed hepatitis E infection.
  • Other common NA-associated infections were ruled out.

Findings:

  • Electrophysiological studies supported the diagnosis of NA.
  • This case links hepatitis E infection to the development of NA.
  • Hepatitis E is identified as a potential novel cause of neuralgic amyotrophy.

Implications:

  • The findings suggest hepatitis E as a potential precipitating factor for NA.
  • This supports the hypothesis of an immune-mediated pathogenesis in NA.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the link between hepatitis E and NA.