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Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Published on: October 9, 2012

Quantum dots/particle-based immunofluorescence assay: synthesis, characterization and application.

Bingbo Zhang¹, Xiaofei Liang, Lijuan Hao

¹Institute of Nanobiotechnology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology

|November 7, 2008

Summary

Quantum dots (QDs) enable sensitive bioanalysis. A novel immunofluorescence assay using QD-labeled antibodies and antigen-coated microspheres achieved a low detection limit of 4.9 ng/mL for human alpha fetoprotein (AFP).

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Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Published on: October 23, 2014

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Quantum dots (QDs) possess unique optical properties suitable for bioanalysis as fluorescent probes.
Immunofluorescence assays combine particle-based immunoassays with fluorescent probes for enhanced detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To construct a novel immunofluorescence assay integrating quantum dots (QDs) and particle-based immunoassays.
To evaluate the sensitivity and applicability of the developed assay for antigen detection.

Main Methods:

Preparation of high-quality Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) QDs and water-solubilization using amphiphilic polymers.
Labeling of QDs with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and coating of carboxyl-polystyrene (PS) and magnetic carboxyl-PS microspheres with antigens.
Specific capture of antigen-sensitized microspheres by QD-IgG bioconjugates via antibody-antigen reactions, confirmed by in vitro immunofluorescence tests.
Sensitivity assessment using a sandwich immunofluorescence assay with human alpha fetoprotein (AFP) as the model antigen.

Main Results:

Successful preparation and water-solubilization of CdSe/ZnS QDs.
Demonstration of specific antibody-antigen interactions between QD-IgG bioconjugates and antigen-coated microspheres.
Establishment of a sandwich immunofluorescence assay for AFP detection.
Achieved a sensitive detection limit of 4.9 ng/mL for human alpha fetoprotein (AFP).

Conclusions:

The developed QD-based immunofluorescence assay is effective for specific antigen detection.
The assay demonstrates high sensitivity, with potential applications in bioanalysis and diagnostics.
Integration of QDs with particle-based immunoassays offers a promising platform for sensitive biomarker detection.