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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

Gene Duplication and Divergence

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

EVOG: a database for evolutionary analysis of overlapping genes.

Dae-Soo Kim¹, Chi-Young Cho, Jae-Won Huh

¹Korean BioInformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, School of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.

Nucleic Acids Research

|November 7, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Overlapping genes, where gene transcripts overlap, have unclear origins. The EVOG database visualizes their evolutionary relationships across species, aiding human genome evolution and disease research.

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A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

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Published on: December 7, 2021

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

Area of Science:

Genomics
Evolutionary Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

Overlapping genes are common in eukaryotes, but their evolutionary origins and transcriptional regulation remain poorly understood.
Investigating these genes is crucial for understanding genome evolution and its relation to diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and implement a novel web-based database, Evolutionary Visualizer for Overlapping Genes (EVOG), for studying the evolutionary relationships of overlapping genes.
To provide a manually curated resource for analyzing the evolutionary features of overlapping genes across diverse species.

Main Methods:

Implementation of EVOG, a web-based database with a unique visualization interface.
Collection and analysis of overlapping genes from thirteen species: human, chimpanzee, orangutan, marmoset, rhesus, cow, dog, mouse, rat, chicken, Xenopus, zebrafish, and Drosophila.

Main Results:

The EVOG database contains a comprehensive catalog of overlapping genes for each analyzed species, with significant numbers identified in primates and rodents.
The database successfully displays evolutionary features, facilitating comparative analysis of overlapping genes across species.

Conclusions:

EVOG is an effective and user-friendly tool for analyzing the evolutionary processes of overlapping genes.
EVOG has the potential to be a key resource for investigating human genome evolution and its link to diseases through expression profile comparisons.