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Vertical Immobilization Method for Time-Lapse Microscopy Analysis in Filamentous Cyanobacteria

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A unique cell division machinery in the Archaea.

Ann-Christin Lindås¹, Erik A Karlsson, Maria T Lindgren

¹Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|November 7, 2008

Summary

Researchers discovered a unique cell division system in Crenarchaeota, involving the cdv operon. This system is regulated by DNA damage, similar to eukaryotes, and may share evolutionary origins with eukaryotic protein complexes.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Archaea Cell Division

Background:

Cell division machinery is well-characterized in bacteria, euryarchaea, and eukaryotes.
No division components were previously identified in the archaeal phylum Crenarchaeota.
Understanding archaeal cell division is crucial for evolutionary and biological insights.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize the cell division machinery in Crenarchaeota.
To investigate the regulation and evolutionary origins of archaeal cell division.
To compare crenarchaeal division systems with those in other domains of life.

Main Methods:

Identification and analysis of the three-gene 'cdv' operon in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
Monitoring 'cdv' operon expression during cell cycle progression and in response to UV irradiation.
Protein polymerization studies of Cdv proteins during cell division.
Phylogenetic analysis of 'cdv' genes and homology searches for Cdv proteins.

Main Results:

The 'cdv' operon constitutes a unique cell division machinery in Crenarchaeota.
Cdv proteins polymerize between segregating nucleoids and form a constricting structure.
The 'cdv' operon is down-regulated upon UV irradiation, indicating DNA damage-induced division inhibition.
The 'cdv' system is phylogenetically complementary to FtsZ-based archaeal division systems.
CdvB and CdvC proteins show homology to eukaryotic ESCRT-III complex components.

Conclusions:

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius utilizes a novel cell division system encoded by the 'cdv' operon.
This system exhibits eukaryotic-like DNA damage response mechanisms.
The findings suggest a potential common evolutionary origin between crenarchaeal and eukaryotic division machinery.