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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm
05:44

Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm

Published on: March 1, 2019

Genetics of spermatogenic failure.

W J Huang1, P H Yen

  • 1Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Sexual Development : Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution, Endocrinology, Embryology, and Pathology of Sex Determination and Differentiation
|November 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Genetic causes of male infertility, including Klinefelter syndrome and Y chromosome microdeletion, are reviewed. Current treatments for spermatogenic failure are limited and carry risks for offspring.

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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects

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Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm
05:44

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Published on: March 1, 2019

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects

Published on: April 21, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Human Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Spermatogenesis is a complex gene-regulated process in adult testes.
  • Genetic factors, particularly sex chromosome abnormalities, are significant causes of male infertility.
  • Identifying specific genetic causes of spermatogenic failure remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genetic causes of spermatogenic failure related to sex chromosome abnormalities.
  • To focus on Klinefelter syndrome, Y chromosome microdeletion, and XX male syndrome.
  • To discuss prevalence, phenotypes, molecular mechanisms, and diagnostic challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic disorders affecting spermatogenesis.
  • Analysis of prevalence, clinical phenotypes, and molecular underpinnings.
  • Discussion of challenges in gene identification and therapeutic options.

Main Results:

  • Sex chromosome abnormalities are a major contributor to male infertility.
  • Klinefelter syndrome, Y chromosome microdeletion, and XX male syndrome are key genetic disorders.
  • Effective therapies for spermatogenic failure are lacking, and ART poses genetic risks.

Conclusions:

  • Sex chromosome disorders significantly impact male fertility.
  • Further research is needed to identify causal genes and develop treatments.
  • Assisted reproductive technologies require careful genetic counseling for affected individuals.