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Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...

Secretory Phase

Secretory Phase

The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
Following ovulation, the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure, produces progesterone and estrogens. These hormones stimulate the growth and coiling of endometrial...

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision. The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...

ER Retrieval Pathway

ER Retrieval Pathway

In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis

Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis

Published on: January 26, 2015

Green light for the secretory pathway.

H H Gerdes¹, R Rudolf

¹Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.

|November 7, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Green-fluorescent protein (GFP) technology revolutionizes cell biology by revealing dynamic secretory membrane traffic. GFP fusion proteins offer powerful insights into complex cellular transport processes.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis

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Published on: January 26, 2015

Dynamic Light-Induced Protein Patterns at Model Membranes

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Intravital Microscopy for Imaging Subcellular Structures in Live Mice Expressing Fluorescent Proteins

Intravital Microscopy for Imaging Subcellular Structures in Live Mice Expressing Fluorescent Proteins

Published on: September 1, 2013

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Green-fluorescent protein (GFP) technology has become a pivotal tool in modern cell biology.
Secretory membrane traffic is crucial for cellular function and communication.

Purpose of the Study:

To review new insights into secretory membrane traffic using GFP fusion proteins.
To discuss the dynamics of the Golgi apparatus in various cell types.

Main Methods:

Utilizing green-fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins to visualize and study membrane traffic.
Reviewing existing literature on secretory pathway transport.

Main Results:

GFP fusion proteins have illuminated transport steps between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
Intra-Golgi traffic and transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane have been detailed.
Dynamics of the Golgi compartment in plant and mammalian cells during mitosis were investigated.

Conclusions:

Membrane traffic in the secretory pathway is more dynamic and diverse than previously understood.
Green-fluorescent protein (GFP) is a powerful tool for unraveling complex cellular transport mechanisms.