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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of their outer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator (TSPAS)
04:40

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator (TSPAS)

Published on: July 30, 2020

[Somatosensoric prosthesis for the blind].

O Vysata1, A Procházka, J Kukal

  • 1Centrum neurologické péce, Rychnov nad Kneznou. vysata@neurol.cz

Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie : Casopis Ceske Oftalmologicke Spolecnosti a Slovenske Oftalmologicke Spolecnosti
|November 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study explores using the skin as an information channel for visual prostheses, offering a higher data transmission capacity than current systems. Researchers developed a durable electrode array, addressing limitations for visually impaired individuals.

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Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
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Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)

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A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)
19:44

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Published on: June 3, 2009

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator (TSPAS)
04:40

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator (TSPAS)

Published on: July 30, 2020

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
07:54

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)

Published on: September 8, 2015

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)
19:44

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Published on: June 3, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Context:

  • Current vision prostheses transmit limited visual information.
  • The skin's cutaneous receptor field presents a potential alternative information channel.
  • Retinal and cortical prostheses have limitations in information processing capacity.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the potential of electrocutaneous stimulation as a viable information channel for vision prostheses.
  • To evaluate a novel haptic data visualization system using a 2400-electrode array for the visually impaired.
  • To compare the information transmission capacity of electrocutaneous systems with existing vision prosthesis technologies.

Summary:

  • A 2400-carbon electrode array on an elastic membrane demonstrated good mechanical and electrical properties for skin adhesion.
  • Wavelet transform image compression may overcome the skin's lower information capacity.
  • Challenges include short circuits from sweat and skin irritation, suggesting vibrotactile stimulators as a safer, albeit lower-resolution, alternative.

Impact:

  • This research could lead to more effective vision prostheses for individuals with visual impairments.
  • The findings suggest electrocutaneous communication systems offer a higher potential for transmitting visual information.
  • Advances in microtechnology and haptic feedback are crucial for developing practical assistive devices.