Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased ATP...
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
Hydrolysis of ATP01:08

Hydrolysis of ATP

The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine monophosphate—by the removal of a second...
Hydrolysis of ATP01:08

Hydrolysis of ATP

The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine monophosphate—by the removal of a second...
Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spherical Vision Transformers for Audio-Visual Saliency Prediction in 360$^{\circ }$∘ Videos.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2025
Same author

HyperE2VID: Improving Event-Based Video Reconstruction via Hypernetworks.

IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society·2024
Same author

Multi3Generation: Multitask, Multilingual, and Multimodal Language Generation.

Open research Europe·2023
Same author

Burst Photography for Learning to Enhance Extremely Dark Images.

IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society·2021
Same author

mustGAN: multi-stream Generative Adversarial Networks for MR Image Synthesis.

Medical image analysis·2021
Same author

Complexity of Shapes Embedded in Zn with a Bias Towards Squares.

IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society·2020
Same journal

HardFlow: Hard-Constrained Sampling for Flow-Matching Models Via Trajectory Optimization.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same journal

Industrial Brain: Self-Evolving Neuro-Symbolic Autonomy with Causal Resilience for Cyber-Physical Systems.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same journal

Adaptive Hardness-Driven Dictionary Distillation for Incomplete Streaming View Clustering.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same journal

Mixture of Global and Local Experts with Diffusion Transformer for Controllable Face Generation.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same journal

Task-KV: Task-aware KV Cache Optimization via Semantic Differentiation of Attention Heads.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same journal

Achieving Text-based Person Retrieval with Any Granularity.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography
10:39

Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography

Published on: September 14, 2014

Disconnected skeleton: shape at its absolute scale.

Cagri Aslan1, Aykut Erdem, Erkut Erdem

  • 1Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA 98052, USA. cagriaslan@yahoo.com

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
|November 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new skeletal representation for recognizing deformable shapes. This method uses stable shape properties for robust 2D shape recognition, overcoming traditional skeleton instability.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles
10:30

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles

Published on: October 15, 2014

Isolation of F1-ATPase from the Parasitic Protist Trypanosoma brucei
08:44

Isolation of F1-ATPase from the Parasitic Protist Trypanosoma brucei

Published on: January 22, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography
10:39

Visualization of ATP Synthase Dimers in Mitochondria by Electron Cryo-tomography

Published on: September 14, 2014

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles
10:30

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles

Published on: October 15, 2014

Isolation of F1-ATPase from the Parasitic Protist Trypanosoma brucei
08:44

Isolation of F1-ATPase from the Parasitic Protist Trypanosoma brucei

Published on: January 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Shape Analysis
  • Pattern Recognition

Background:

  • Traditional skeletal representations for shape analysis often suffer from instability due to excessive regularization.
  • Existing methods rely on secondary details, leading to inaccuracies in deformable shape recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel skeletal representation and matching framework for robust deformable shape recognition.
  • To address the instability issues inherent in conventional connected skeletons.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new skeletal representation focusing on stable shape properties rather than secondary details.
  • Introduced a matching framework utilizing a global Euclidean frame instead of local coordinate frames.
  • Incorporated mechanisms to handle articulations and local boundary deformations.

Main Results:

  • The new representation demonstrates improved stability compared to traditional connected skeletons.
  • The matching framework achieved successful results on a diverse database of 2D shapes.
  • The approach produces descriptions sensitive to scale, position, orientation, and articulation changes, while also providing invariant features.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed skeletal representation and matching framework offer a more stable and effective solution for deformable 2D shape recognition.
  • This method provides a robust way to describe shapes by leveraging stable properties and handling deformations effectively.