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Related Concept Videos

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

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Measurement of mRNA Decay Rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using rpb1-1 Strains
12:21

Measurement of mRNA Decay Rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using rpb1-1 Strains

Published on: December 13, 2014

Kill the messenger: mRNA decay and plant development.

Dmitry A Belostotsky1, Leslie E Sieburth

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. belostotskyd@umkc.edu

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|November 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Recent research highlights the crucial, specific roles of messenger RNA (mRNA) decay pathways in development. These pathways, including deadenylation and decapping, are more complex and regulated than previously understood.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene expression dynamics are central to development, but RNA decay pathways have been less studied than transcription.
  • Recent findings reveal significant mRNA specificity within general RNA decay mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complexity and substrate specificity of general cytoplasmic mRNA decay pathways.
  • To elucidate the roles of exosome subunits and the decapping complex in mRNA regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Functional characterization of exosome subunits using inducible knock-out models.
  • Analysis of decapping mutants to assess substrate specificity and translational regulation.

Main Results:

  • Inducible knock-outs of exosome subunits revealed diverse molecular phenotypes and RNA substrates.
  • Decapping complex activity in Processing bodies (PBs) is essential for 5'-to-3' mRNA decay.
  • Mutant analyses demonstrated substrate specificity and regulatory roles for decapping in translation.

Conclusions:

  • General RNA decay pathways exhibit surprising mRNA specificity, impacting developmental progression.
  • Exosome and decapping complex functions are critical for regulating mRNA stability and translation.
  • Interactions between general and specialized RNA decay pathways (e.g., nonsense-mediated decay) are increasingly recognized.