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Related Concept Videos

Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content

Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Long-term, High-resolution Confocal Time Lapse Imaging of Arabidopsis Cotyledon Epidermis during Germination
12:01

Long-term, High-resolution Confocal Time Lapse Imaging of Arabidopsis Cotyledon Epidermis during Germination

Published on: December 31, 2012

Plastid division: across time and space.

Yue Yang1, Jonathan M Glynn, Bradley J S C Olson

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|November 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plastid division relies on internal and external molecular machines working together. Recent research reveals the first link between these systems, coordinating division across membranes in plants.

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Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Plant Organellar DNA Enrichment Methods Suitable for Next-generation Sequencing
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Visualizing Stromule Frequency with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Visualizing Stromule Frequency with Fluorescence Microscopy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Long-term, High-resolution Confocal Time Lapse Imaging of Arabidopsis Cotyledon Epidermis during Germination
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Published on: December 31, 2012

Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Plant Organellar DNA Enrichment Methods Suitable for Next-generation Sequencing
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Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Plant Organellar DNA Enrichment Methods Suitable for Next-generation Sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Plant cell biology
  • Organelle biogenesis
  • Molecular mechanisms of plastid division

Background:

  • Plastids divide via two distinct molecular machineries: an internal one from cyanobacterial endosymbionts and an external one from the host.
  • Understanding plastid division is crucial for plant growth and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the components of the plastid division complex in plants.
  • To explore the mechanisms of plastid envelope constriction and division-site placement.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding the coordination between internal and external division machineries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on plastid division.
  • Analysis of recent experimental findings on plastid division components and mechanisms.
  • Focus on studies identifying molecular links between internal and external division machineries.

Main Results:

  • Progress has been made in defining the components of the plastid division complex.
  • The coordination of plastid envelope constriction and division-site placement is being elucidated.
  • The first molecular linkage connecting internal and external division machineries has been identified, explaining coordinated positioning.

Conclusions:

  • The coordinated action of internal and external machineries is essential for plastid division.
  • Recent discoveries are shedding light on how plastid division is regulated across envelope membranes.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the regulatory mechanisms of plastid division in plant cells.