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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
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Viscosity is a property of fluids that measures their resistance to flow. It is influenced by factors such as the surface area of contact, the gradient of flow speed, and the fluid's viscosity constant, called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, also known as dynamic viscosity, is denoted by the symbol η. It determines the proportionality between the viscous force and the gradient of flow speed.Newton's law of viscosity states that the viscous force on a faster-moving...
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Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods
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The flow structure of a puff.

Casimir W H van Doorne1, Jerry Westerweel

  • 1Laboratory for Aero & Hydrodynamics, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, The Netherlands.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|November 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers visualized a turbulent puff in pipe flow, revealing hairpin vortices that explain the flow

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Turbulence Research
  • Pipe Flow Dynamics

Background:

  • Turbulent puffs in pipe flow at low Reynolds numbers exhibit intermittent behavior.
  • Understanding the three-dimensional vortex structures is crucial for explaining this intermittency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct a quasi-instantaneous 3D velocity field of a turbulent puff.
  • To investigate the vortex dynamics responsible for the intermittent nature of turbulent puffs.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV).
  • Measurements across the entire circular cross-section of a pipe.
  • Reconstruction of quasi-instantaneous 3D velocity fields.

Main Results:

  • Observed counter-rotating streamwise vortices forming hairpin vortex legs at the puff's trailing edge.
  • Identified quasi-periodic regeneration of streamwise vortices at the upstream end.
  • Demonstrated hairpin vortices extracting significant energy from the mean flow, leading to their breakdown.

Conclusions:

  • The observed hairpin vortex structures provide a mechanism for the intermittent behavior of turbulent puffs.
  • The transition from traveling wave-like solutions to strong hairpin vortices is a key feature.
  • This study offers a potential explanation for the characteristic intermittency in low Reynolds number pipe flow.