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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section

Published on: July 19, 2016

Flow dynamics in a stented ureter.

Jennifer H Siggers¹, Sarah Waters, Jonathan Wattis

¹Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. j.siggers@imperial.ac.uk

Mathematical Medicine and Biology : a Journal of the IMA

|November 8, 2008

Summary

Mathematical modeling reveals how rising bladder pressure during ureteric stent placement can cause vesicorenal reflux. This reflux may contribute to kidney infections, highlighting the need to understand stent and ureter properties influencing urine flow.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Urology
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Ureteric stent placement is crucial for managing urinary tract obstructions.
Vesicorenal reflux, urine flowing backward into the kidneys, is a significant complication of ureteric stenting.
This reflux can lead to renal pelvis infections due to increased bladder pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a mathematical model simulating urine flow within a stented ureter.
To quantify vesicorenal reflux volume under elevated bladder pressure conditions.
To analyze the impact of stent and ureter characteristics on reflux generation.

Main Methods:

Developed an axisymmetric mathematical model for urine flow in a stented ureter.
Modeled the ureter as a non-linear elastic membrane and the stent as a rigid, permeable cylinder.
Treated the renal pelvis as an elastic bag responding to pressure changes.
Incorporated prescribed renal flux and bladder pressure inputs.

Main Results:

Calculated the total volume of vesicorenal reflux generated during simulated bladder pressure increases.
Investigated the influence of stent properties (rigidity, permeability) on reflux volume.
Examined how ureteric wall elasticity affects the extent of urine reflux.

Conclusions:

The mathematical model provides insights into the mechanisms driving vesicorenal reflux.
Understanding the interplay between bladder pressure, stent design, and ureter properties is key to mitigating reflux.
This study offers a framework for optimizing ureteric stent design to reduce complications like infection.