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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Induction and Phenotyping of Acute Right Heart Failure in a Large Animal Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
07:41

Induction and Phenotyping of Acute Right Heart Failure in a Large Animal Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Published on: March 17, 2022

High output heart failure.

P A Mehta1, S W Dubrey

  • 1Clinical Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK. p.mehta@imperial.ac.uk

QJM : Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
|November 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High output heart failure occurs with increased cardiac output due to conditions like anemia or sepsis. Conventional treatments may worsen this condition, necessitating specific management strategies.

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Implantation of the Syncardia Total Artificial Heart
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Implantation of the Syncardia Total Artificial Heart

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Induction and Phenotyping of Acute Right Heart Failure in a Large Animal Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
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Published on: March 17, 2022

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • High output heart failure (HOFH) presents with heart failure symptoms despite elevated cardiac output.
  • Associated conditions include chronic anemia, arterio-venous fistulae, sepsis, hypercapnia, and hyperthyroidism.
  • The core issue is reduced systemic vascular resistance, leading to decreased blood pressure and compensatory neurohormonal activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of high output heart failure.
  • To highlight the limitations of conventional heart failure therapies in HOFH.
  • To outline appropriate management strategies for HOFH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on high output heart failure.
  • Analysis of physiological mechanisms underlying HOFH.
  • Discussion of clinical implications and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • HOFH results from conditions causing reduced systemic vascular resistance (e.g., shunting, vasodilation).
  • Standard heart failure medications (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, vasodilatory beta-blockers) can exacerbate HOFH by further lowering systemic vascular resistance.
  • Clinical trial data for HOFH is scarce.

Conclusions:

  • HOFH requires distinct management from low output heart failure.
  • Identifying and correcting the underlying cause is crucial.
  • In cases without a correctable cause, management focuses on salt/water restriction and diuretics; vasodilators and positive inotropes are contraindicated.