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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Comparing active pediatric obesity treatments using meta-analysis.

Allyson Gilles1, Michael Cassano, Elizabeth J Shepherd

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Maine, 301 Little Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA.

Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
|November 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Comprehensive behavioral interventions for pediatric obesity show promise when increasing treatment intensity and parental engagement. Cognitive therapy may not enhance, and could reduce, treatment effectiveness.

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Published on: February 2, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Behavioral Medicine
  • Obesity Treatment

Background:

  • Pediatric obesity is a significant public health concern requiring effective interventions.
  • Evidence-based treatments are crucial for managing childhood obesity.
  • Research since 1994 provides a basis for current meta-analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize research on pediatric obesity treatments published since 1994.
  • To identify factors that may improve the efficacy of behavioral interventions.
  • To evaluate the role of medication and cognitive therapy in pediatric obesity management.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of eleven studies.
  • Inclusion of 22 comparisons and 115 effect sizes.
  • Analysis of data from N = 447 participants.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive behavioral interventions can be enhanced by increasing the "dose" of behavioral components.
  • Increased parental involvement significantly improves intervention outcomes.
  • Medication shows some support, though based on limited investigation.
  • Cognitive therapy techniques did not improve, and may have hindered, treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing behavioral interventions for pediatric obesity involves intensifying components and maximizing parental engagement.
  • Further research is needed to explore the role of medication in pediatric obesity treatment.
  • Cognitive therapy is not recommended as an adjunct to current established treatments for pediatric obesity.